Neoliberalism and the Crisis of Legal Theory

INTRODUCTION: Patients have the right to influence the care they receive, but their wish to participate in care decision-making is unclear. AIM: This study investigates whether participation in nursing documentation influences patient participation in care decision-making, mastery, self-esteem, empowerment and depressive feelings among adult in-patients with chronic disease. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: Adult patients (n=39) with chronic diseases were randomized. The intervention group participated in nursing documentation. Upon departure, patients filled in questionnaires about participation in care decision-making, mastery, self-esteem, empowerment and depressive feelings. RESULTS: The majority of the patients preferred a collaborative or passive role regarding care decision-making. Lack of knowledge was one reason for non-participation. Having been diagnosed more than five years previously meant stronger empowerment. CONCLUSION: It is a challenge for nurses to find strategies to assess patients' wishes regarding participation in care decision-making. Nurses must support patients' knowledge of their disease and empowerment

Having knowledge of metabolic syndrome: Does the meaning and consequences of the risk factors influence the life situation of Swedish adults?

To cite this version: Rofia Abada. The future of an event in the face of an absent citizen and artist. (The case of Constantine, capital of Arab culture 2015). 2019. hal-0218294

Energy requirement for a working dynamo

There has for many years been interest in finding necessary conditions for dynamo action. These are usually expressed in terms of bounds on integrated properties of the flow. The bounds can clearly be improved when the flow structure can be taken into account. Recent research presents techniques for finding optimised dynamos (that is with the lowest dynamo threshold) subject to constraints, (e.g. with fixed mean square vorticity). It is natural to ask if such an optimum solution can exist when the mean square velocity is fixed. The aim of this note is to show that this is not the case and in fact that a steady or periodic dynamo can exist in a bounded conductor with an arbitrarily small value of the kinetic energy.This work was supported by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council [grant number ST/L000636/1].This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Taylor & Francis via https://doi.org/10.1080/03091929.2015.109406

Self-care among patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of unknown etiology. The disease occurs early in life and the burden of symptoms is significant. Patients need to perform self-care to handle their symptoms, but knowledge about what kind of self-care patients do is limited and these individuals need to learn how to manage the symptoms that arise. The aim of this study was to explore self-care among patients with IBD. Twenty adult patients with IBD, 25–66 years of age, were interviewed. Data were analyzed by performing a qualitative content analysis. Four categories with 10 subcategories emerged from the analysis of the interviews. The self-care patients perform consists of symptom recognition (subcategories: physiological sensations and psychological sensations), handling of symptoms (subcategories: adapting the diet, using medical treatment, stress management, and using complementary alternative medicine), planning life (subcategories: planning for when to do activities and when to refrain from activities), and seeking new options (subcategories: seeking knowledge and personal contacts). Self-care consists of symptom recognition, handling life through planning, and accommodating the existing situation with the ultimate goal of maintaining well-being. Being one step ahead facilitates living with IBD. A decision to actively participate in care of a chronic illness is a prerequisite for self-care. Healthcare professionals must consider patients' potential for and desire for self-care when giving advice on self-care activities. Doing so may help people better cope with IBD

Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: A comparative risk assessment

Background: High blood pressure, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and BMI are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and some of these factors also increase the risk of chronic kidney disease and diabetes. We estimated mortality from cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes that was attributable to these four cardiometabolic risk factors for all countries and regions from 1980 to 2010. Methods: We used data for exposure to risk factors by country, age group, and sex from pooled analyses of population-based health surveys. We obtained relative risks for the effects of risk factors on cause-specific mortality from meta-analyses of large prospective studies. We calculated the population attributable fractions for each risk factor alone, and for the combination of all risk factors, accounting for multicausality and for mediation of the effects of BMI by the other three risks. We calculated attributable deaths by multiplying the cause-specific population attributable fractions by the number of disease-specific deaths. We obtained cause-specific mortality from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2010 Study. We propagated the uncertainties of all the inputs to the final estimates. Findings: In 2010, high blood pressure was the leading risk factor for deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes in every region, causing more than 40% of worldwide deaths from these diseases; high BMI and glucose were each responsible for about 15% of deaths, and high cholesterol for more than 10%. After accounting for multicausality, 63% (10·8 million deaths, 95% CI 10·1-11·5) of deaths from these diseases in 2010 were attributable to the combined effect of these four metabolic risk factors, compared with 67% (7·1 million deaths, 6·6-7·6) in 1980. The mortality burden of high BMI and glucose nearly doubled from 1980 to 2010. At the country level, age-standardised death rates from these diseases attributable to the combined effects of these four risk factors surpassed 925 deaths per 100 000 for men in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia, but were less than 130 deaths per 100 000 for women and less than 200 for men in some high-income countries including Australia, Canada, France, Japan, the Netherlands, Singapore, South Korea, and Spain. Interpretation: The salient features of the cardiometabolic disease and risk factor epidemic at the beginning of the 21st century are high blood pressure and an increasing effect of obesity and diabetes. The mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors has shifted from high-income to low-income and middle-income countries. Lowering cardiometabolic risks through dietary, behavioural, and pharmacological interventions should be a part of the global response to non-communicable diseases. Funding: UK Medical Research Council, US National Institutes of Health. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd

consequences of the risk factors influence the life situation of Swedish adults?

the meaning and consequences of the risk factors influence the life situation of Swedish adults

Hela teamets kompetens : sjuksköterskors, sjukgymnasters och arbetsterapeuters erfarenheter av att delta i prioriteringsarbete

Rapporten baseras på strukturerade intervjuer och sammanlagt intervjuades 18 personer, med två till 30 års yrkeserfarenhet som aktivt deltagit i prioriteringsarbete med vertikala rangordningslistor. Resultatet av intervjuerna visade både på underlättande och försvårande faktorer för delaktighet i prioriteringsarbete. Sjuksköterskorna uttryckte svårigheter dels med att få gehör för sina synpunkter och dels med att precisera vad som enligt deras uppfattning är omvårdnad ur ett helhetsperspektiv. De framförde också att omvårdnadsåtgärder vare sig hade varit föremål för prioriteringsdiskussioner eller senare inkluderats i rangordningslistan. Bland arbetsterapeuter och sjukgymnaster upplevdes den rangordningslista de själva arbetat fram som en trygghet i kliniskt beslutsfattade och stöd för öppenhet i kommunikation med allmänheten. Representanter för samtliga vårdyrkesgrupper i undersökningen upplevde det svårt att inkludera den egna professionens yrkesspecifika åtgärder i rangordningen. Det framkom också att uppdraget med att ta fram rangordningslistor måste vara tydligt beskrivet och att prioriteringar bör diskuteras utifrån ett brett behovsperspektiv i väl förberedda multiprofessionella grupper. Arbete med öppna prioriteringar och rangordningslistor kräver många olika perspektiv och förutsätter att alla samverkande professioner har likvärdiga förutsättningar. Riktade utbildningsinsatser inom omvårdnad och rehabilitering behövs för att tillämpning av den nationella modellen för öppna vertikala prioriteringar ska få en vidare användning även inom dessa områden.　 When health services cannot meet all care needs we must set priorities. This has always been done, but seldom in a systematic way. In Sweden, the Health Services Act places the responsibility for healthcare priority setting on local governing bodies (mainly the county councils and regions). The task of priority setting is grounded in the ethical platform and must apply across all health services. In 2003, the Östergötland County Council initially decided that specific limitations must be established regarding the supply of health services. However, follow-up of the county-council-wide effort to set priorities reveals that this work has not reached far enough down into the organisation. Earlier reports from the National Centre for Priority Setting in Health Care describe the initial political decision-making process, the extent to which the policy decisions have been implemented in health care, and the progress of the county council’s prioritisation initiative from 2003 to 2006. With this report we aim to increase knowledge regarding how staff groups other than management- level physicians participated in establishing vertical ranking lists during this period and how these lists were used in Östergötland County Council

Having knowledge of metabolic syndrome: Does the meaning and consequences of the risk factors influence the life situation of Swedish adults?

The underlying causes of metabolic syndrome (MS) are uncertain. Knowledge from those who have experience of this syndrome should provide new insight. The aim was to explore the meaning and consequences of MS. Thirteen Swedish adults with MS, aged between 33 and 82 years, were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using constant comparative analysis, which is the basis of grounded theory. The core category for the meaning and consequences of having the risk factors of MS consisted of the recurrence of behavior. The participants attempted to balance their insight into the causes and consequences by referring to their normal life, lifestyle, and fatalistic approach to life. Attention needs to be paid to the attitudes of the individuals with MS, as well as the known risk factors and their consequences, in order to facilitate a long-term lifestyle change in these individuals.The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com:Gunilla Hollman Frisman and Carina Berterö, Having knowledge of metabolic syndrome: Does the meaning and consequences of the risk factors influence the life situation of Swedish adults?, 2008, Nursing and Health Sciences, (10), 4, 300-305.http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2008.00418.xCopyright: Blackwell Publishing Ltdhttp://www.blackwellpublishing.com

Can participation in documentation influence experiences of involvement in care decision-making?

INTRODUCTION: Patients have the right to influence the care they receive, but their wish to participate in care decision-making is unclear. AIM: This study investigates whether participation in nursing documentation influences patient participation in care decision-making, mastery, self-esteem, empowerment and depressive feelings among adult in-patients with chronic disease. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: Adult patients (n=39) with chronic diseases were randomized. The intervention group participated in nursing documentation. Upon departure, patients filled in questionnaires about participation in care decision-making, mastery, self-esteem, empowerment and depressive feelings. RESULTS: The majority of the patients preferred a collaborative or passive role regarding care decision-making. Lack of knowledge was one reason for non-participation. Having been diagnosed more than five years previously meant stronger empowerment. CONCLUSION: It is a challenge for nurses to find strategies to assess patients' wishes regarding participation in care decision-making. Nurses must support patients' knowledge of their disease and empowerment